How Frosts, Freezes, and Hard Freezes Differ

Just as  the sprouting of tender green leaves is considered one of  the  first signs of spring,  the first frost of the cool season signals that fall has officially settled in  and that  winter isnt far behind. How Frost Forms Look for frost to form when these atmospheric conditions are present: clear nighttime sky conditions,at or below freezing air temperatures at the surface, andcalm winds (speeds less than 5 mph (1.6 km/h)). Clear skies and calm winds allow for daytime heating to escape the Earths surface. This heat out into the upper atmosphere and outer space. Whats known as a temperature inversion layer forms (temperatures increase rather than decrease as one travels upward in the air), and allows cold air to settle near the ground. As the ground temperatures cool to below freezing, what water vapor resides in the air ices up onto exposed surfaces -- thus forming frost. The terms frost  and freeze  are usually  mentioned together, however,  they describe two very  different happenings. Freezes Imply Lows Near 32 F A freeze means that widespread temperatures are expected to fall to or below the freezing mark (32  °F). A hard freeze implies that widespread temperatures are forecast to fall below freezing (most NWS offices use 28  °F as the threshold criteria) for long enough to seriously damage or kill seasonal vegetation. For this reason, hard freezes have earned the monicker killing frosts. A hard freeze usually occurs when a cold air mass moves into an area and brings temperatures of  32 °F or below. This  freezing cold air is often blown by winds, or  advected,  into an area, and may, therefore, be associated with light or variable wind speeds.   Frosts Imply Lows Near 32 F and Moist Ground Air Frost, on the other hand, has to do with  the formation of ice crystals on the ground and  on other surfaces. It occurs  in the absence of wind, and the  freezing  temperatures are the result of radiational cooling.  Whereas freezes have to do with air temperature alone, any weather alert having to do with frost not only implies that temperatures are expected to be 33 to 36  °F, but also that the amount of moisture residing in the air at these temperatures is adequate for frost formation near the surface.  Ã‚   Can a Freeze Occur Without Frost Forming? Yes, freezes can happen even if a frost doesnt. This seems odd since it takes colder temperatures (at least 32 degrees) to get a freeze. It seems like youd get a frost (which requires temperatures of 33 to 36 degrees) first. It would make sense that moisture would frost before freezing except that frost is less likely to form when the dew point temperature falls below the mid-20s. This is because, at such cold temperatures, there just isnt enough moisture in the air for significant frost formation -- despite the fact that cold enough temperatures are in place to support it. Frost Freeze Weather Safety The majority of individuals dont notice frost, except when it forms on their  car windows  and  delays their morning departure by several  minutes time. However, agriculturists and farmers consider  it is a critical weather event. This is because  most plants (except a few varieties that  actually need a hard freeze to coax seeds into germination)  are extremely sensitive to it. A frost too early,  or too late,  in the growing season can result in crop failure and a shortage of food supply. There are a number of ways to protect against frost damage, including: Cover  plants. When plants are covered, frost can settle on a barrier rather than on the vegetation directly. For this reason, plants not in direct contact with the covering material have the highest level of protection. Woven fabrics, such as sheets, work best and can offer 2 ° to 5 °F of added warmth. Potted plants should be covered or brought indoors.Irrigate  the soil and plant leaves  before the frost arrives.  This might sound strange considering water will freeze when the  temperature drops, but rest assured there is a method to this madness.  Moist soil is capable of holding up to four times more heat than dry soil. Likewise, if fruit trees have begun their yield, spraying the outside skin with water can actually help keep internal temperatures above freezing by allow the outside to freeze and create an insulating barrier.Keep plants watered to fight off drying from cold winds.Bring pets indoors whenever extreme cold is expected.Cover exposed pipes and outdoor faucets to discourage freezing. When to Expect Your First Frost/Freeze To find the average date of the first fall (and last spring) frost for your area, use this  frost and freeze data product, courtesy of the  National Climatic Data Center.  (To use, choose your state, then locate the city nearest you.)

Definition Of A Right - 1856 Words

Definition of a Right A right is a concept in which a person has ownership of a metaphysical aspect pertaining to one’s self. That is, a right is a concept that first exist in the mind. Accordingly, where rights are concerned, it is similar to property; however, it cannot be taken away. A right first must be reasoned by the mind, where â€Å"the mind has the capacity to gain knowledge of some principles through reason alone† (Snyder, 1986, p. 727). The human mind is able to reason out certain concepts; of these concepts the idea of ownership over something comes into play. Further, the ability to reason out a concept such as right, or rather innate ownership of something is known. For example, the mind is able to reason out that there exists a†¦show more content†¦Where life and liberty are concerned, these are metaphysical concepts in which the mind has reasoned out to be distinct from the body, but are still part of personal property. Meaning, we have reasone d out that the concepts of life and liberty are our property, and as property we have a duty to ensure that it is kept intact with all things capable of reason. Further, because we have this duty, we also have a right to these concepts. Where there is a duty, there is to give someone rights; then they have a claim. Thus, all beings that can reason have a claim to rights because all beings have a duty to give these rights to other rational beings. Therefore, a right is simply the metaphysical concepts a person is able to reason out to be district in things that can reason, and are in conformity with natural law. Natural law is â€Å"a point of intersection between law and morals... what naturally is, out to be† (Wacks, 2015, p.15). Natural has given us our bodies and minds, morals are subjective. When parried with our reasoned-out rights, we then have moral concepts that are our property. Simply, there are concepts that can be morally justified as being innate to human existen ce. These concepts are what natural law has given to us. A right is then the sum concepts of duties owed to natural law, our moral concepts, reasoned out concepts, and then rights given by nature. We have a duty to obey nature, nature as certainShow MoreRelatedOn the Definition of Right: Personal Perspectives Essay545 Words   |  3 Pagesacceptable, that is the foremost definition of the word right. (Fowler) How one person applies that to themselves and the community they are surrounded by transforms the personal meaning of this word in as many ways as there are individuals. In the particular application with the concept of forgiving and forgetting, it becomes a matter of faith and morality that each being holds themself too. After reading Simon Wiesenthal’s The Sunflower, my personal definition of the word right has taken a whole new formRead MoreProstitution Is A Single Right Definition For Prostitution1167 Words   |  5 Pagesand it has always been debated whether o r not it should be legalized here in the US. There are many aspects to look when determining whether it is the right or wrong thing to legalize prostitution. But first we have define what exactly is prostitution. There’s not a single right definition for prostitution. We could look at the dictionary definition that’s the transfer of money for sexual activity. However, there could be many types of prostitution. We have to look at the differences between prostitutionRead More No Universal Definition of Human Rights Essay760 Words   |  4 Pagesmany people human rights are defined as a set of governmental Do’s and Don’ts that protect people from their governments in terms of the freedom of speech, assembly, etc. without infringement. 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To Me, The Definition Of Ethics Is Knowing Right1599 Words   |  7 PagesWho I am To me, the definition of ethics is knowing right from wrong. Growing up my parents have always told me to always know right from wrong. But, sometimes in ethics, there can be a law that is legal but it does not make it ethical. And vice versus. For an example a car dealer could advertise a car with low mileage for a low price, but the catch is you have to have outstanding credit. The car dealer could be lying to you, that could be unethical, but it is not a law. It could also be ethicalRead MoreDefinition Of Media Freedom Of Expression Under Article 10 Of The Human Rights Act And The European Convention On1676 Words   |  7 PagesChapter 3 - Explanation of Media Freedom of Expression under Article 10 of the Human Rights Act and the European Convention on Human Rights On the 2nd October 2000, the Human Rights Act 1998 came into force as the most important privacy statute to further strengthen the UK domestic law by affording the rights introduced by the European Convention on Human Rights. The HRA 1998 have been introduced with a wide and comprehensive scope as it applies to most domestic public authorities and bodies including:Read More Definition of Citizen Essay565 Words   |  3 PagesDefinition of Citizen The context in which words are used may change in everyday conversation, but ultimately the foundation of the definition remains constant. The number one definition generally changes due to advancement in society. Consider the word citizen. The meaning of the word citizen has changed since 1913, but the definition that is used today was also used back then. There are some commonalities between The Webster Dictionary, published in 1913 and The Oxford English DictionaryRead MoreCriminology Assignment1456 Words   |  6 Pagescommon, definition of crime is that it is a legalistic one in that it violates the criminal law and is punishable with jail terms, fines, and other sanctions. The Human Rights definition of crime defines crime as an action that violates the basic rights of humans to obtain the necessities of life and to be treated with respect and dignity. Unlike the legal definition of crime, the Human Rights definition of crime has a broader concept than its counterpart. With the Human Rights definition of crimeRead More Criminology Essay1411 Words   |  6 Pagescommon, definition of crime is that it is a legalistic one in that it violates the criminal law and is punishable with jail terms, fines, and other sanctions. The Human Rights definition of crime defines crime as an action that violates the basic rights of humans to obta in the necessities of life and to be treated with respect and dignity. Unlike the legal definition of crime, the Human Rights definition of crime has a broader concept than its counterpart. With the Human Rights definition of crimeRead MorePovertyin the World811 Words   |  3 PagesPoverty evokes various definitions depending on the audience and perhaps the purpose or context that it is used. Limiting the definition of poverty to a ‘value judgment’ is of little use in terms of agreeing on a definition for the purpose of comparison and measurement between groups (Sen 1979, p.285). A clear definition of poverty supports and indicates the process for measurement, and as such would also assist in determining the focus and approach for development (Clark 2012; Ruggeri, Saith

Betty Parris Free Essays

The character Betty Parris plays an important role in the story of the Crucible. As one of the girls who danced in the forest she is part of the play’s central conflict. She is the cause of the townspeople blaming witchcraft in the first place and she is also part of the reason that most of the characters are killed by the end of the fourth act. We will write a custom essay sample on Betty Parris or any similar topic only for you Order Now Through her actions over the course of the play, Betty is shown to be fearful, easily-manipulated, and an attention-seeker. In the Crucible, one of Betty’s main characteristics is her fearfulness. When her father catches her in the woods, she immediately faints to avoid any punishment and continues to pretend to be in a coma for a while after. Abigail convinces Reverend Parris that â€Å"Betty was frightened and then she fainted† (pg. 833) but it seems like what really happened was she was clever enough to avoid being reprimanded. She is also fearful of Abigail. After Betty wakes up, Abigail tells her that Reverend Parris knows everything and this causes her to â€Å"springs off the bed, and rush across room to window† (pg. 837) because she is afraid of what might happen. She is harassed and struck by Abigail after talking about Abigail’s charm to kill Goody Proctor and this causes her to submit to Abigail’s demands that no one speaks of what she did in the forest. Her fear of Abigail leads to her joining Abigail and the other girls throughout the rest of the play even though she seems to resent them. Another main characteristic of Betty is her tendency to be easily-manipulated. As one of the members of the group of girls who danced in the woods, she becomes a part of Abigail’s web of lies and deceit. At first she resists Abigail until Abigail threatens to come to her â€Å"in the black of some terrible night† (pg. 837) if she says anything about the charm. After that, she follows Abigail and the rest of the girls as they condemn the people of the town as well as when they lie in the courthouse and pretend to see Mary’s spirit attacking them. She follows Abigail’s every action and mimics anything that she does. This lets her lead Betty to do horrible things to people just because Betty is unable to stand up to Abigail. In the Crucible, Betty is also shown to be an attention-seeker. As a younger girl, she has the natural need for people to pay attention to her. This need is further amplified by her lack of mother, which leaves her fewer people to entertain her. When she is thought to be unconscious, many people come from all over town to visit her. Among these people is Mercy Lewis who claims to have wanted â€Å"to see how Betty is† (pg. 836). This may be another reason that Betty joins Abigail and the other girls in their escapades. She just needs the attention that the townspeople give them for condemning all the witches. One thing that shows Betty’s attention-seeking is when the psalm can be heard outside of the bedroom, Betty â€Å"claps her ear suddenly, and whines loudly† (pg. 839). This action convinces everyone that Betty cannot hear the Lord’s name and the others mark it as a sign of witchcraft. Another example of this trait is shown when all the other girls are shouting out names in Parris’ house. When Betty begins to convict people with them, she stands on top of her bed as she does it. Even though Abigail and the other girls are all doing the same thing, Betty still wants the attention and so to stand apart from the others she puts herself on a higher pedestal to be seen. Through her fainting in the woods, to her participation in Abigail’s convictions, Betty Parris is shown to be fearful, easily-manipulated, and an attention-seeker. Her role in the Crucible is an important one that drives the plot and is the cause for anyone thinking witchcraft is involved in the first place. How to cite Betty Parris, Papers